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«Шаги / Steps» Журнал Школы актуальных гуманитарных исследований

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SHAGI/STEPS 5(4)

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Laboratory and studio in early 20th century Russian culture: A typology

K. Osińska
Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences (Poland, Warsaw)

DOI: 10.22394/2412-9410-2019-5-4-9-22

Ключевые слова: Konstantin Stanislavsky, Leopold Sulerżycki, Yevgeny Vakhtangov, Vsevolod Meyerhold, studios, theatre labs, Russian theatre in the 20th century

Аннотация: Small theatre troupes emerging in the early 20th century used to name themselves ‘studio’ when they regarded the creative process to be more important than its outcome. There were studios whose activities extended beyond strictly artistic projects, and theatre laboratories that focused on experimentation. In Latin, the core meanings of the words ‘studeo’ and ‘labor’ refer to, in the first case, pursuit, partisanship, fancy or passion, and work, strenuous activity or effort in the second.
Konstantin Stanislavski, Leopold Sulerzhitsky, who created the First Studio of the Moscow Art Theatre, and Yevgeny Vakhtangov with his own Studio, tried to use studios as groundwork for small communities which manifested certain characteristics of Victor Turner’s communitas. While applying Stanislavsky’s “system”, they also believed that an actor’s quality was determined by an omnifaceted develepment of his personality. Thus, artistic tasks were associated with high moral standards, with the nurturing of interpersonal relations within the team, and with some degree of isolation from the external environment. The studios’ leaders utilized such borrowed concepts as monastery, hermitage, commune, phalanstery, utopia or sect.
Theatre laboratories initiated by Vsevolod Meyerhold experimented with new rules for the actor’s development. Meyerhold’s actor was supposed to operate like a well-tuned instrument and, therefore, physical exercises and acting techniques, which helped develop specific skills and habits, were the base of the activities at his Borodinskaya Studio in Petersburg. The results of these experiments were subsequently used to implement the director’s program on major stages.

Для цитирования: Osińska, К. (2019). Laboratory and studio in early 20th century Russian culture: A typology. Shagi/Steps, 5(4), 9–22. (In Russian). DOI: 10.22394/2412-9410-2019-5-4-9-22.